Cold sores, also known as fever blisters, are caused by the herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1). After the initial infection, the virus remains dormant in the body and can reactivate due to triggers like stress, illness, or sun exposure, resulting in painful blisters around the lips, nose, or chin. Antiviral medications such as acyclovir or valacyclovir can accelerate healing if taken at the first sign of an outbreak. Over-the-counter creams containing docosanol or lidocaine can also help reduce pain and discomfort. Additionally, natural remedies like aloe vera, lemon balm, or tea tree oil may provide relief and support the healing process.

Preventing cold sore outbreaks involves managing triggers such as stress and excessive sun exposure. Maintaining a strong immune system through a balanced diet, regular exercise, and proper hygiene can help minimize recurrences. Practicing good habits like frequent handwashing and avoiding shared items such as utensils or towels can also reduce the risk of spreading the virus to others. By combining these strategies, individuals can better manage and reduce the frequency of cold sore outbreaks.